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CYLINDERS TANKS
Using the correct scuba diving cylinder is just as important to a diver's success and safety as how they configure their gear. A diver may go to an enormous effort to insure every hose, reel and accessory is exactly right only to 'drop the ball' by making the wrong cylinder choice.
The Scuba Doctor dive shop brings you scuba cylinders from the leading cylinder manufacturers in the world — Faber and Catalina — so you can not only get it done, but can get it done right.
No cylinder is perfect for every diver, or every diving situation. The Scuba Doctor offers the most complete selection of cylinders in the industry, allowing you to choose what is best for your unique needs.
All cylinders from The Scuba Doctor are suitable for nitrox service (i.e. up to 40% oxygen), visually inspected and shipped with a current hydrostatic date (except where indicated).
Australian Standards
In Australia, scuba Tanks must be tested every year (12 months). We always ship cylinders with a current hydro test date. Due to manufacturing and import cycles, the popular sizes of cylinders typically have a factory hydro date less than 12 months old. However less popular sizes of cylinders may have a factory hydro date up to 24 months old as these are manufactured and imported less frequently.
As per the Australian Standards, the cylinders and valves we sell are for Imperial 0.750-14 NPSM (3/4 NPS) neck threads, NOT Metric M25 neck threads, and the valves have overpressure relief devices (burst discs). (Cylinders with Metric M25 neck threads do not comply with Australian Standards.)
The Faber steel cylinders have ISO 9809-1 markings. The Catalina aluminium cylinders have DOT-3AL2957 markings. All of these cyliners comply with Australian Standrads and are suitable for use in Australia. They may, or may not, meet the standards applicable in other coutries.
Choosing Your Scuba Cylinder/Tank
Scuba diving cylinders (USA: tanks, UK: bottles) are awkward and heavy, and if you fall down with one on you'll be lying on your back flailing your arms and legs in the air like a turtle flipped on it's shell.
Without scuba cylinders you can never be like that same turtle 'flying' gracefully through the water, experiencing a world that almost defies explanation.
Like all scuba gear, choosing a scuba diving cylinder/tank/bottle takes more thought and planning than just walking into a dive shop and grabbing the first thing you see.
There are a few different kinds of cylinders, each with their own pros and cons. Plus, not all diving cylinders can be used for all types of diving. The video below may help you to chose which dive cylinder is best for your needs.
Types of Scuba Diving Cylinders
Steel Scuba Cylinders
Steel scuba cylinders have been around since the start of scuba diving, while aluminium diving cylinders came into use in the 1970s. Steel scuba cylinders are typically more expensive than the same capacity aluminium cylinders.
A steel diving cylinder is a lot tougher than an aluminium one, making it less likely to pit or dent. If properly cared for it will last longer than an aluminium cylinder. However, steel rusts with exposure to moisture and thus needs more careful care.
Because steel is stronger it can be handle higher pressures with a thinner wall thickness, making a steel cylinder smaller and lighter than an aluminium one of similar capacity.
Also If you want to use higher pressures (e.g. 300 bar), you will need to use a DIN valve which may make it hard to get refills depending on where you're diving.
Most technical divers use steel scuba cylinders, but they can be a good cylinder for regular recreational scuba diving too. The most common size is a 232 bar, standard 12.2 litre steel cylinder, but many women and those who use less air often prefer a lighter and smaller 10.5 litre cylinder.
Steel cylinders are more negatively buoyant than equivalent aluminium cylinders and only become less negatively buoyant as they are emptied. Thus they are popular in cold/temperate water areas where thick wetsuits and drysuits are used, because a steel cylinder means you can carry less weight on your weight belt.
Aluminium Scuba Cylinders
Aluminium scuba cylinders came into use in the 1970s and are the most common scuba cylinders you'll find in tropical waters for recreational diving. Many dive shop, boat and resort operations use them worldwide.
The most common size used for diving is the aluminium 80 cubic foot (11.1 litre), but they can be smaller or larger depending on what they're meant to be used for.
For example, a bail out or pony bottle is much smaller than a standard size aluminium 80.
Aluminium cylinders being made of a softer, lighter material have thicker walls, making them larger and heavier than steel cylinders of the same capacity. Aluminium cylinders are relatively inexpensive and thus a good choice for most recreational scuba divers.
One downside of the aluminium scuba diving cylinders is that most go from being negatively buoyant to positively buoyant as they empty during the dive, so most divers wear a few extra kilograms (or pounds) of weight to compensate for this. There are a few models of aluminium cylinders that are built specifically to eliminate this problem, but like everything else, the more features it has, the more expensive it is.
Typically aluminium cylinders are certified for use at a working pressure of 200 to 210 bar. But some newer ones are available rated to nearly 230 bar. Again, these cylinders are more expensive and heavier.
Things To Consider When Buying Scuba Diving Cylinders
Here are a few other things to consider before buying.
- Length/height of the cylinder. Is it so long it bumps your butt and the back of your head at the same time?
- Weight of the cylinder. Is it too heavy for you to handle comfortably?
- Type of diving. Do you technical dive or not?
- If it's steel, is it a low pressure (LP) steel cylinder (e.g. 232 bar), or a high pressure (HP) one (e.g. 300 bar)?
- Does it have a DIN valve, or more common A-clamp/Yoke valve, or a valve that can be converted from DIN to Yoke using an insert?
- If it's a used cylinder, when was it last visually inspected or hydro tested?
Our Recommendations
When purchasing scuba cylinders, the long-term advantages of steel's excellent buoyancy characteristics and long life make it the best choice for most divers, but especially those in cold and temperate waters. Choose a 232 bar steel tank size that meets your needs when it is under filled, putting an end to short fill concerns. For most divers this will be a 12.2 litre (100 cubic foot) cylinder, but some may prefer the smaller 10.5 litre (85 cubic foot) cylinder.
If your budget is tight, then aluminium cylinders initially costs significantly less. If going with an aluminium cylinder, avoid paints, and choose the brushed finish.
For both steel and aluminium cylinders you should choose a convertible valve having a DIN outlet with K (yoke) insert, often described as a 'DIN/K' valve. (That's why we provide this as our standard offering.).
Remember, the standard 207 bar aluminium 11.1 litre (80 cubic foot) capacity cylinder with a K valve is not a "one-size-fits-all" tank. Making the right cylinder choice can significantly improve your diving enjoyment. Please use this list as a guide when reviewing scuba diving cylinders and you should be able to find the right cylinder/tank to last you for years of diving.
For more help buying the best diving cylinder (Tank / Bottle) for you, please see our Buying a Scuba Cylinder guide.
The Scuba Doctor dive shop is your best source for scuba diving cylinders.
Falls of Halladale
Wreck Dive | 
Boat access
Four-Masted Iron Barque | Max Depth: 12 m (39 ft)
Falls of Halladale Aground
Source: State Library Victoria
Level: Open Water and beyond.
Falls of Halladale was one of the last of the "windjammers". It belonged top the celebrated Glasgow Falls Line: a fleet which was built for carrying cargo and for speed under sail. The Falls of Halladale shipwreck lies between Peterborough to the east and Port Campbell to the west on Victoria's Shipwreck Coast. It's part of the west-coast-shipwreck-trail.
Falls of Halladale had a reputation for running overdue and was frequently reported as "missing" at sea. The longest and most arduous of the ship's journeys was from Liverpool to San Francisco in 1903. The captain intended to take the vessel around Cape Horn but fierce winds and mountainous seas forced a change of course around the much longer "great circle Route". By the time the ship reached New Zealand, the exhausted crew mutinied and forced the ship to anchor in Foveaux Strait for several days. Finally with the mutineers in irons, Falls of Halladale limped into San Francisco 273 days after it had left Liverpool.
When Falls of Halladale wrecked at just north-west of Peterborough, a cargo of thousands of slate tiles sank with it. Twenty-two thousand were recovered during legal salvage operations between 1974 and 1986. The tiles can be seen today at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum where they have been used as roofing tiles on eight of the restored village buildings.
The Falls of Halladale shipwreck was a four-masted iron-hulled sailing barque that was built in 1886 for the long-distance bulk carrier trade. The Falls of Halladale was on the final leg of its voyage from New York to Melbourne when its captain became unsure of his location due to the presence of sea mist. The vessel, with all its sails set, ran aground on 14 November 1908 on a reef north-west of Peterborough on Victoria's Shipwreck Coast. For some time after it remained intact attracting many local sightseers. The vessel eventually became a total loss.
Diving the Falls of Halladale Shipwreck
Falls of Halladale Site
Source: Heritage Victoria
The Falls of Halladale shipwreck lies approximately 300 m (984 ft) off Wreck Point, north-west of Peterborough. The vessel lies on a rocky bottom in 3 to 12 metres of water. The bow faces towards the north and the wreckage extends out to sea for approximately 100 m (328 ft).
Given the relatively easy access to the Falls of Halladale and her iron hull, this is one of the best and most popular wreck dives in the area. It's best done as a boat dive, but on the right day, it can be done as a shore dive as well.
The port side of the vessel is upright with five to six metres of the hull at the bow and two to three metres at the stern. The starboard side has flattened out and masts are scattered towards the east. As a diver swims towards the stern, the site appears as a complex lattice of iron beams and hull plates which were the floors, frames and bilge plating. The scattered beams and plates provide a perfect home for many reef fish.
Some slate and coiled wire cargo stowed at the stern of the vessel 80 years ago, still remain in their original area of stowage. Other features of the site include large iron anchors, bollards, deck supports and iron knees.
Shipwrecks of South-west Victoria | Source: Flagstaff Hill Maritime Museum
Falls of Halladale Dive Site Map | © Victorian Archaeological Survey
Location: North-west of Peterborough, Victoria 3270
Ideal Conditions: The site is flanked by a reef which causes heavy breaks in all but the calmest conditions. In rough weather, waves break over the site and are hazardous to all small craft. The best conditions to dive the shipwreck occur during periods of low swell and northerly winds. See WillyWeather (Peterborough) as a guide for the tide times and the height of the tide.
Boat Launching: The nearest boat launching facilities are the Peterborough Curdies River Dorey Street Boat Ramp and the Peterborough Bay of Islands Boat Ramp.
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Shipwreck Coast - Peterborough Wrecks
Falls of Halladale Shipwreck History — Built in 1886
Falls of Halladale In Port
Source: State Library Victoria
The Falls of Halladale was a four-masted iron-hulled barque of 2,085 tons gross, launched in July 1886, by Russell & Co of Greenock, Scotland. The vessel was 275.2 ft (84 m) in length, with breadth of 41.6 ft (13 m), and a depth of 23.9 ft (7.28 m).
The Falls of Halladale was the seventh vessel in a series of eight similar iron-hulled sailing ships, all built by Russell & Co and all named after waterfalls in Scotland. The vessel was to sacrifice speed for carrying power with economy realised by a smaller sail area resulting in a smaller crew. Her yards were also smaller than a typical ship of her type of this period.
Falls of Halladale Last Voyage and Sinking — 14 November 1908
Falls of Halladale Bristol UK
Source: State Library South Australia
The Falls of Halladale left New York on 4 August 1908 bound for Melbourne and Sydney, under the command of Captain David Thompson with 28 crew. The captain was pleased with the general cargo he had secured for the journey. Valued at £35,000, it included 500 sewing machines, plumbing iron, 6,500 gallons of oil, 14,400 gallons of benzine, glassware and 56,763 beautiful American slate tiles.
Falls of Halladale was making good time, 102 days out from New York, as it neared the southern Victorian coastline in the early hours of Saturday 13 November 1908. The sea was calm and the weather fine. A mist hung over the sea creating an illusionary horizon. This confused the captain who calculated the ship's position as 15 kilometres from the coast.
Falls of Halladale Wreck
Source: State Library South Australia
As the fog lifted, the crew and captain of Falls of Halladale found themselves with full sails set and billowing and only a few hundred metres from the shore heading straight for the rocks. The call "land close to the lee bow" was screamed but it was too late. The anchors could not be let go in time, and the ship had no headway to change tack. Within two minutes the ship had struck a submerged reef heavily amidships, at 3 a.m. Sunday 14 November 1908, about 200 yards from shore. The vessel grounded in fair weather on an east-north-east tack.
An eye witness said, "the ship seemed to leap from the water. In falling it seemed to jam hard and fast on the rocks". As the waves broke over the deck, the ship began to fill with water. The order "save your lives" was given and two lifeboats were hoisted clear of the ship. The lifeboats could not land directly on shore at the wreck site but instead were rowed for three hours a distance of four and a half miles to a sandy beach in the Bay of Islands.
The stranding of Falls of Halladale was witnessed by the postmistress at Peterborough. She had been issued with a telescope by the government for sighting vessels in distress and was able to raise the alarm among the townsfolk. A small group set out for the Bay of Islands to help the stranded sailors. The rocket crew arrived from Port Campbell but were not needed as the crew and Captain had all made it safely to shore.
Falls of Halladale sat wedged firmly between two reefs for weeks and drew a large crowd of onlookers. One newspaper reported, "she is resting on an almost even keel with all her masts and rigging standing and with her canvas swelling out in a light breeze. She presents a most impressive sight".
After two months the ship was wrecked. Rough seas had pounded the vessel and the salvage company had blasted the ship. Much of the valuable cargo was washed ashore including a large quantity of oil, causing one of Victoria's earliest oil spills.
Two salvage ventures proved to be financial disasters. Captain Thompson of the Falls of Halladale was found guilty by the Court of Marine Inquiry of a gross act of misconduct in that he carelessly navigated the vessel. His certificate was suspended for six months.
Falls of Halladale Anchor
Source: Heritage Victoria
22,000 slate tiles were salvaged in the 1980s and used as roofing at Flagstaff Hill Maritime Village, Warrnambool. An anchor that was recovered in 1974 is on display at the village.
See also, west-coast-shipwreck-trail,
Wikipedia: Falls of Halladale,
Heritage Council Victoria: Falls of Halladale,
Heritage Victoria slide collection on flickr: Falls of Halladale,
Australian National Shipwreck Database: Falls of Halladale, and
Dive Information Sheet: Falls of Halladale (1886-1908).
This vessel is one of the many historic shipwrecks included in Victoria's shipwreck-discovery-trail. Qualified divers can explore the wrecks of old wooden clippers, iron steamships and cargo and passenger vessels located along the coast and in Port Phillip. Some of these wreck dives are suitable for beginners, even snorkellers, while other wrecks require the skills and experience of advanced divers.
Heritage Warning: Any shipwreck or shipwreck relic that is 75 years or older is protected by legislation. Other items of maritime heritage 75 years or older are also protected by legislation. Activities such as digging for bottles, coins or other artefacts that involve the disturbance of archaeological sites may be in breach of the legislation, and penalties may apply. The legislation requires the mandatory reporting to Heritage Victoria as soon as practicable of any archaeological site that is identified. See Maritime heritage. Anyone with information about looting or stolen artefacts should call Heritage Victoria on (03) 7022 6390, or send an email to heritage.victoria@delwp.vic.gov.au.
Finding the Falls of Halladale Shipwreck
Over the years we've been provided with different GPS marks for the Falls of Halladale. The GPS marks we know of in circulation for the Falls of Halladale are:
- Peter Ronald GPS (verified):
Latitude: 38° 36.394′ S (38.606571763735° S / 38° 36′ 23.66″ S)
Longitude: 142° 51.482′ E (142.85802893758° E / 142° 51′ 28.9″ E) - Dive Victoria:
Latitude: 38° 36.500′ S (38.608333° S / 38° 36′ 30″ S)
Longitude: 142° 51.500′ E (142.858333° E / 142° 51′ 30″ E)
164 m, bearing 144°, SE
Eastern Maar country
Traditional Owners — This dive site is in the traditional Country of the Eastern Maar people of south-western Victoria between the Shaw and Eumerella Rivers and from Yambuk in the south to beyond Lake Linlithgow in the north. This truly ancient Country extends as far north as Ararat and encompasses the coastal townships of Port Fairy in the west, Warrnambool, Peterborough, Port Campbell, Apollo Bay, Lorne, and Airies Inlet in the east, including the Great Ocean Road area. It also stretches 100 metres out to sea from low tide and therefore includes the iconic Twelve Apostles. "Eastern Maar" is a name adopted by the people who identify as Maar, Eastern Gunditjmara, Tjap Wurrung, Peek Whurrong, Kirrae Whurrung, Kuurn Kopan Noot and/or Yarro waetch (Tooram Tribe) amongst others. We wish to acknowledge the Eastern Maar as Traditional Owners. We pay respect to their Ancestors and their Elders, past, present and emerging.
Falls of Halladale Location Map
Latitude: 38° 36.428′ S (38.607139° S / 38° 36′ 25.7″ S)
Longitude: 142° 51.434′ E (142.857225° E / 142° 51′ 26.01″ E)
Datum: WGS84 |
Google Map
Added: 2012-07-22 09:00:00 GMT, Last updated: 2022-05-23 19:42:42 GMT
Source: Peter Ronald GPS
Nearest Neighbour: Nursery Bay, 573 m, bearing 67°, ENE
Four-Masted Iron Barque.
Built: Greenock, Scotland, 1886.
Sunk: 14 November 1908.
Peterborough, Shipwreck Coast.
Depth: 18 m.
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DISCLAIMER: No claim is made by The Scuba Doctor as to the accuracy of the dive site coordinates listed here. Should anyone decide to use these GPS marks to locate and dive on a site, they do so entirely at their own risk. Always verify against other sources.
The marks come from numerous sources including commercial operators, independent dive clubs, reference works, and active divers. Some are known to be accurate, while others may not be. Some GPS marks may even have come from maps using the AGD66 datum, and thus may need be converted to the WGS84 datum. To distinguish between the possible accuracy of the dive site marks, we've tried to give each mark a source of GPS, Google Earth, or unknown.
![Halcyon Infinity 30lb System [SS Small Backplate]](/diveshop/images/halcyon/Halcyon-Evolve-Wing.jpg "Halcyon Infinity 30lb System [SS Small Backplate]")
